Dragon fruit, also known as pitahaya, has shown impressive growth in Peru in recent years, establishing itself as a crop with great potential for export. This crop has gained importance in various regions of the country due to its ability to adapt to different climates and soil types.
Originating from the Peruvian jungle, pitahaya grew wild since ancient times, but its commercial development began in recent decades, when it spread to the coastal regions of the country, driven by domestic demand and opportunities in international markets.
Starting in the 1990s, the first steps were taken to cultivate pitahaya commercially, mainly in San Martín and Ucayali, initially focused on the local market. Today, Peru cultivates two main varieties of pitahaya:
- Red Pitahaya: The most common variety, with red pulp and pink skin, sweet and slightly acidic in taste, and a smooth, juicy texture.
- Yellow Pitahaya: With white pulp and yellow skin, its taste is milder and less acidic than the red variety, with a delicate floral aroma.
Expansion to the Coast and Export Boom
Starting in 2010, the cultivation of pitahaya experienced significant growth, particularly in the coastal regions of Piura, Lambayeque, Ica, and Lima, where the climatic conditions and proximity to ports facilitated its production and export. This enabled the production of high-quality harvests, which quickly gained acceptance in international markets.
Peruvian pitahaya exports began in the late 2010s, and by the first half of 2024, they reached US$ 1.3 million and 406 tons, marking a significant increase compared to the same period the previous year. The Netherlands, Spain, and France have become the main destinations for this fruit, which is appreciated for its exotic flavor and high quality.
Future Prospects
The future of pitahaya cultivation and export in Peru is promising, with continuous growth in production due to the expansion of cultivated areas and improvements in agricultural techniques. There is expected to be market diversification and the potential to develop new pitahaya-based products, which would create new business opportunities.
However, the sector also faces challenges, such as improving transportation and storage infrastructure, strengthening collaboration among producers, and promoting research and development of new varieties.
In summary, pitahaya cultivation in Peru has evolved from a subsistence activity in the jungle to becoming one of the country’s main sources of export. With its adaptability, quality, and growing international demand, pitahaya is shaping up as a strategic crop for the agricultural and economic development of Peru.
